Definitions of Globalisation
Socialist
The process of transformation of local or regional phenomena into global ones. It can be described as a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function together. This process is a combination of economic, technological,sociocultural and political forces.
Capitalist
The elimination of state- enforced restrictions on exchanges across borders and the increasingly integrated and complex global system of production and exchange that has emerged as a result.
George Ritzer
American sociologist George Ritzer combined the term 'McDonaldization' to describe the wide ranging sociocultural processes by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as the rest of the world.'
Marshall McLuhan Understanding the media
pg5 1964
'as electricity contracted, the globe is no more than a village.'
Rapidity of communication
We can experience instantly the effects of out actions on a global scale
'we live in mythically and internally.. in the electric age, when out central nervous system is technologically extended to involve in the whole of mankind and to incorporate the whole of mankind in us' this is not true
Three problems of Globalisation
-Sovereignty
challenges to the idea of the nation-state
-Accountability
transnational forces and organisations, who controls them?
-Identity
who are we? Nation, group, community
Cultural imperialism
if the 'global village' is run with a certain set of values then it would not be so much an integrated community as an assimilated one.
key thinkers
-schiller
-chomsky
US media Power can be thought of as a new form of imperialism
-local cultures destroyed in this process and new forms of cultural dependency shaped, mirroring old school colonialism.
Newspaper Ownership
News of the world and The Sun
-Rupert Murcoch, selected media interests
- a man of influence and incredible arrogance
-mass appeal
-power to determine results
-ownership determines content
Thursday 27 November 2014
Wednesday 26 November 2014
Study task 03- COP Essay Research ideas
My first idea for the COP essay was to base my essay on Branding but more specifically Logo Design. Within this I would like to discuss:
- what makes a good logo design
- logo meanings
- understanding the importance of brand identity
- slogans
I then had a crit on this idea, and figured that it would be a hard thing to research and there isn't that many academic resources for it, I was un sure of how I would start this as a research brief for my esaay, I was left confused.
Is print dead?
After going back over my mind maps and ideas I decided to re-think. I also have a keen interest in print and designing for print. I am curious to whether print is dead and if there is any need for print?
after a quick google search I came across this interesting article that raised some good points
New media
- smartphones and apps mean you get news updates instantly, will there be any need for newspapers in the future?
- digital publications are getting better and are on higher demand
- rise of blogs and social media
- new media enables us to share information with a large audience
Print
- something permanent
- fresh's parts of business that are all new media
- gains extra marketing
- physical side
- different experience
- better quality
the question I have so far is,
is print dead? with the rise of new media is print dying and is there a future for print?
I took out a book from the library to research further 'media semiotics an introduction'...
Magazines
- 'ideal readers' of different magazines pg.57
- the difference between subscribers and single readers
- adverts and consumerism
- gender identity
- about 15-30% of readers of womens magazines are men
Newspapers
- what is news?
- sales and price
- news value
I had another crit on my question and I got some useful feedback
- my question is going to have to change
- print and the ora of print
- social implications
- collectables and one off's
- users having control
- wearable tech
- the change and development of editorial
- asses how is has developed to emerging tech
- the internet and society
- communication is out job
- technology and adapting
- the movement of editorial
what I discover in my research and writing the essay should inform my practical. The crit has been really useful, I think I am going to carry on researching and focusing on editorial and new media and how they complement and compete with each other.
Friday 21 November 2014
Lecture- Ethics- What is good?
first things first manifesto- ken garland
this manifesto in short basically argues that visual communicators and creatives were wasting their talents by taking jobs that contribute little to the world.
the manifesto was then republished in adbusters, two very different presentations of ethics
Culture jamming-
the practice of criticizing and subverting advertising and consumerism in the mass media, by methods such as producing advertisements parodying those of global brands.
A meme in advertising- a unit of information that leaps from brain to brain to brain. Memes compete with one another for replication, and are passed down through a population much the same way genes pass through a species.
Victor Papanek
'most things are designed not for the needs of the people but for the needs of manufactures to sell to people' He thought that creative thinkers really can help solve a lot of problems in the world
how do we determine what is good?
subjective relativism
-there are no universal moral norms of right and wrong
-all persons decide right and wrong for themselves
Ethical Theories
-subjective realism
-there are no universal moral norms of right and wrong
cultural relativism
-the ethical theory that what's right or wrong depends on place and/or time
Divine Command theory
Kantianism (deontological ethics)
Deontological ethics or deontology is the normative ethical position that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to a rule or rules. It is sometimes described as "duty" or "obligation" or "rule"-based ethics, because rules "bind you to your duty."
Utilitarianism, or Consequentialist ethics (John Stuart Mill)
-Principle of utility
-an action is right to the extent that it increases the total happiness of the affected parties
-an action is wrong to the extent that it decreases the total happiness of the affected parties
-happiness may have many definitions such as: advantage, benefit, good, or pleasure
Rules are based on the principles of utility
-a rule is right to the extent that it increses the total of happiness of the affected parties
-the greatest happiness principle is applied to moral rules
Toolbox of moral/ethical theories
whether presented with problems that are easy or difficult to solve, the four workable ethical theories
-kantianism
-act utilitarianism
-rule utilitarianism
-social contract theory
could provide us with possible solutions to many of the problems that are raised by the 'First things first' manifesto.
this manifesto in short basically argues that visual communicators and creatives were wasting their talents by taking jobs that contribute little to the world.
the manifesto was then republished in adbusters, two very different presentations of ethics
Culture jamming-
the practice of criticizing and subverting advertising and consumerism in the mass media, by methods such as producing advertisements parodying those of global brands.
A meme in advertising- a unit of information that leaps from brain to brain to brain. Memes compete with one another for replication, and are passed down through a population much the same way genes pass through a species.
Victor Papanek
'most things are designed not for the needs of the people but for the needs of manufactures to sell to people' He thought that creative thinkers really can help solve a lot of problems in the world
how do we determine what is good?
subjective relativism
-there are no universal moral norms of right and wrong
-all persons decide right and wrong for themselves
Ethical Theories
-subjective realism
-there are no universal moral norms of right and wrong
cultural relativism
-the ethical theory that what's right or wrong depends on place and/or time
Divine Command theory
Kantianism (deontological ethics)
Deontological ethics or deontology is the normative ethical position that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to a rule or rules. It is sometimes described as "duty" or "obligation" or "rule"-based ethics, because rules "bind you to your duty."
Utilitarianism, or Consequentialist ethics (John Stuart Mill)
-Principle of utility
-an action is right to the extent that it increases the total happiness of the affected parties
-an action is wrong to the extent that it decreases the total happiness of the affected parties
-happiness may have many definitions such as: advantage, benefit, good, or pleasure
Rules are based on the principles of utility
-a rule is right to the extent that it increses the total of happiness of the affected parties
-the greatest happiness principle is applied to moral rules
Toolbox of moral/ethical theories
whether presented with problems that are easy or difficult to solve, the four workable ethical theories
-kantianism
-act utilitarianism
-rule utilitarianism
-social contract theory
could provide us with possible solutions to many of the problems that are raised by the 'First things first' manifesto.
Thursday 13 November 2014
Lecture- Consumerism: Persuasion, Society, Brand, Culture
Today's Lecture
-Analyse the rise of US consumerism
-Discuss the links between consumerism and our unconscious desires
-Sigmund Freud
-Edmund Bernays
-Consumerism as social control
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
-New theory of human nature
-Psychoanalysis
-Hidden primitive sexual forces and animal instincts which need controlling
Freuds model of personality structure
1930- Civilisation and its discontents
-Fundamental tension between civilisation and the individual
-Human instincts incompatible with the well being of the community
-The Pleasure principle
WW1 1914-18
Freud thinks this is what we should expect to happen, a global release point. Hidden based desires, sense of identity
Edward Bernays (1891-1995)
-Press Agent
-Employed by public information during WW1
-Post war- set up 'The council on public relations'
-The birth of PR
-Based on the ideas of Freud (his uncle)
-Crystallising Public Opinion (1923)
-Propaganda (1928)
He set up his own company advertising business, gaining quite a lot of success, his business was about public perceptions.
What launched his career cigarette business', he targeted the fact that for women to smoke was frowned upon.
1929 Easter Parade
Women lighting up 'torches of freedom' as protest. Contemporary display of women's freedom and independence, then cigarette smoking became increasingly popular for women.
It was about women having: -status
-freedom
-independence
1924
-product placement
-celebrity endorsements
-the use of pseudoscientific reports
Fordism
-Henry Ford (1863-1947)
-Transposes Taylorism to factories of Detroit
-Requires large investment, but increases productivity so much that relatively high wages can be paid, allowing the workers to buy the product they produce
-moving assembly line
-standard production models built as they move through the factory
acceleration of production, possible crisis of over production
people only have a need for so many things, yet more and more things are being put in the world, this is where the idea of branding comes in and becomes increasingly important, persuasion becomes important, there are many technique that they use, they try and give the product and identity, make it more personal to the consumer
Bernays introced the idea of car advertising and cars making you more sexual desirable, men being the head of the family and driving them around, men driving women around
we shift from a NEEDS to WANT a desire culture
Marketing hidden needs- BOOK- the hidden persuaders, Vanace Packard
-selling emotional security
-selling the reassurance of worth
-selling ego-gratification
-selling creative outlines
-selling love objects
-selling sense of power
-selling a sense of roots
-selling immortality
1920
the new elite is needed to manage the bewildered herd
'manufacturing consent'
Conclusion
-Consumerism is an ideological project
-we believe that through consumption our desires can be met
-The consumer self
-the legacy of Bernays / PR can be felt in all aspects of 21st century society
- the conflicts between alternative models of social organisation continue to this day
-Analyse the rise of US consumerism
-Discuss the links between consumerism and our unconscious desires
-Sigmund Freud
-Edmund Bernays
-Consumerism as social control
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
-New theory of human nature
-Psychoanalysis
-Hidden primitive sexual forces and animal instincts which need controlling
Freuds model of personality structure
1930- Civilisation and its discontents
-Fundamental tension between civilisation and the individual
-Human instincts incompatible with the well being of the community
-The Pleasure principle
WW1 1914-18
Freud thinks this is what we should expect to happen, a global release point. Hidden based desires, sense of identity
Edward Bernays (1891-1995)
-Press Agent
-Employed by public information during WW1
-Post war- set up 'The council on public relations'
-The birth of PR
-Based on the ideas of Freud (his uncle)
-Crystallising Public Opinion (1923)
-Propaganda (1928)
He set up his own company advertising business, gaining quite a lot of success, his business was about public perceptions.
What launched his career cigarette business', he targeted the fact that for women to smoke was frowned upon.
1929 Easter Parade
Women lighting up 'torches of freedom' as protest. Contemporary display of women's freedom and independence, then cigarette smoking became increasingly popular for women.
It was about women having: -status
-freedom
-independence
1924
-product placement
-celebrity endorsements
-the use of pseudoscientific reports
'more doctors smoke camels than any other cigarettes'
a ridiculous advert advertising the fact doctors smoke, advertising that camels is the best cigarettes to buy when in fact cigarettes kill you. An ironic poster showing someone who is suppose to help your health killing themselves.
Fordism
-Henry Ford (1863-1947)
-Transposes Taylorism to factories of Detroit
-Requires large investment, but increases productivity so much that relatively high wages can be paid, allowing the workers to buy the product they produce
-moving assembly line
-standard production models built as they move through the factory
acceleration of production, possible crisis of over production
people only have a need for so many things, yet more and more things are being put in the world, this is where the idea of branding comes in and becomes increasingly important, persuasion becomes important, there are many technique that they use, they try and give the product and identity, make it more personal to the consumer
Bernays introced the idea of car advertising and cars making you more sexual desirable, men being the head of the family and driving them around, men driving women around
we shift from a NEEDS to WANT a desire culture
NEEDS Chanel perfume
WANT Chanel perfume with the aid of celebrity endorsement
Marketing hidden needs- BOOK- the hidden persuaders, Vanace Packard
-selling emotional security
-selling the reassurance of worth
-selling ego-gratification
-selling creative outlines
-selling love objects
-selling sense of power
-selling a sense of roots
-selling immortality
1920
the new elite is needed to manage the bewildered herd
'manufacturing consent'
Conclusion
-Consumerism is an ideological project
-we believe that through consumption our desires can be met
-The consumer self
-the legacy of Bernays / PR can be felt in all aspects of 21st century society
- the conflicts between alternative models of social organisation continue to this day
Monday 3 November 2014
Making Connections Seminar
Deconstruction- Jacques Derrida observed a tendency in western philosophy and critical theory to 'create dualistic oppositions and install a hierarchy that unfortunately privileges one tern of each dichotomy (presence before absence, speech before writing and so on)' (Reynolds IEP)
Derrida created 'deconstruction' which is a mode of questioning these assumed hierarchies
'Design, Writing, Research' Lupton and Miller 1996
Ellen Lupton explores aspects and methods of deconstruction and how it had an impact on graphic design practice
one of the oppositions that factors significantly in Derrida's discussion is that of speech/writing where speech is privileged over writing
we are born into language and the signs are already there
'if writing is but a copy of a spoken language, typography is a mode of representation even further removed from the primal source of meaning in the mind of the author.'
'Design and typography work at the edges of writing, determining the shape and style of letters, the spaces between them, and their placement on the page. Typography, form its position at the margins of communication.'
typography, which is seen as exterior or in opposition to the written text is actually embedded within it. Graphic marks other than the alphabet cannot be seen as 'signs' and are excluded in traditional semiotics. However deconstruction shows us that typographic adjustments can impact greatly on the meaning of the written word.
House of Leaves by Mark Denielewsky
A novel that uses typography to encourage a dual way of reading, its about a man who discovers a manuscript of a dead blind man, non of the footnotes are real in the book.
'Pastiche'- Fredric Jameson
Pastiche- is a appropriating styles from the past
We become detached from the history and we don't appreciate the designs in the past we appreciate them more now. Personally I think everything develops from the past, we interpret everything in our own way.
Pastiche is taking elements of design and re organising it
Derrida created 'deconstruction' which is a mode of questioning these assumed hierarchies
'Design, Writing, Research' Lupton and Miller 1996
Ellen Lupton explores aspects and methods of deconstruction and how it had an impact on graphic design practice
one of the oppositions that factors significantly in Derrida's discussion is that of speech/writing where speech is privileged over writing
we are born into language and the signs are already there
'if writing is but a copy of a spoken language, typography is a mode of representation even further removed from the primal source of meaning in the mind of the author.'
'Design and typography work at the edges of writing, determining the shape and style of letters, the spaces between them, and their placement on the page. Typography, form its position at the margins of communication.'
typography, which is seen as exterior or in opposition to the written text is actually embedded within it. Graphic marks other than the alphabet cannot be seen as 'signs' and are excluded in traditional semiotics. However deconstruction shows us that typographic adjustments can impact greatly on the meaning of the written word.
House of Leaves by Mark Denielewsky
A novel that uses typography to encourage a dual way of reading, its about a man who discovers a manuscript of a dead blind man, non of the footnotes are real in the book.
'Pastiche'- Fredric Jameson
Pastiche- is a appropriating styles from the past
We become detached from the history and we don't appreciate the designs in the past we appreciate them more now. Personally I think everything develops from the past, we interpret everything in our own way.
Pastiche is taking elements of design and re organising it
This is a piece from a stranger & stranger, the design has a historical element to it but the design is still very relevant and up to date
Other Pastiche examples
The architecture within Las Vegas is a pastiche example as it pulls together different parts of the world and history.
Benefit makeup is a Pastiche example as it pulls in elements from the past with 1950's ish girls, they use the pink throughout the packaging and makeup counters.
Soap and glory has a similar theme, pulling in elements form the past using similar pink girly theme with black and white 50's photography to influence the design, it works really well as it is very eye-catching when on the shelf.
The film Great Gatsby is heavily influenced from the 1920's, but has a modern twist with the music having sound tracks from modern people such as Jay-Z and Larna Del Rey
Supremes logo has Pastiche on Barbra Krugers work
Forming a research question
Think a question to start researching into for the COP essay that links to one of these areas:
Editorial, Typography, Branding, Advertising, Printmaking, New Media
Questions to think about:
What is the general theme?
What are the current/ contextual/ historical issues of the general theme- mind maps and lists
What do you want to know or be able to do in regard to this theme? from this into a question that implies a conclustion... what, how, to what extent
How does this relate to my (increasingly specialist) practice?
I am going to start by pulling apart the different areas as I am unsure as to what I want to base my essay on.
the main two areas that I am interested in within the ones given I think are typography and branding. With typography I am particularly interested in hand drawn type and maybe I could research into the history and whether it is dying out or coming back into fashion recently. With branding I am interested in logo design, I could look into classic and iconic logos, how and what makes them so good and recognisable.
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